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Drug administration
Which is a better more effective route of drug administration, oral or IMWhich is a better more effective route of drug administration, oral or IM
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11 Replies
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very informative.
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noted
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Always follow producer’s direction. Every drug has its mode of administration.
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<font style=”vertical-align: inherit;”><font style=”vertical-align: inherit;”>على حسب الحاله المرضيه يمكن أختيار طريقة أعطاء العلاج </font></font>
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<font style=”vertical-align: inherit;”><font style=”vertical-align: inherit;”>على حسب الحاله النرضيه يمكن اخايار أعطاء العلاج</font></font>
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Marek’s Disease
(MD, Neurolymphomatosis)
Cause
Marek’s disease is caused by a alphaherpesvirus.
Transmission
The disease is highly contagious. Main transmission is by infected
premises, where day-old chicks will become infected by the oral and
respiratory routes. Dander from feather follicles of MD-infected chickens
can remain infectious for more than a year. Young chicks are particularly
susceptible to horizontal transmission. Susceptibility decreases rapidly
after the first few days of age.
Species affected
Especially chickens, also quail, turkeys and pheasants are susceptible.
Clinical signs
Infected birds show weight loss, or may exhibit some form of paralysis.
The classical form: neurolymphomatosis (paralysis) with leg nerve
involvement causes a bird to lie on its side with one leg stretched forward
and the other backward. When the gizzard nerve is involved, the birds will
have a very small gizzard and intestines and will waste away.
Acute Marek’s disease is an epidemic in susceptible or unvaccinated flocks
causing depression paralysis, mortality and lymphomatous
infiltrations/tumours in multiple organs. Subclinical infections result
in impaired immune responses as MDV causes a lytic infection in
lymphocytes.
Mortality usually occurs between 10 and 20 weeks of age and can reach
up to 50% in unvaccinated flocks.
Diagnosis
The presence of tumours in liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs, ovary, muscles,
or other tissues is indicative of MD, but they can also be indicative of
lymphoid leucosis. However, nerve involvement, either grossly (swelling
of leg, wing or other nerves) or microscopically, is typical of MD.
Eye involvement can be visible as an irregular constriction of the iris
(ocular lymphomatosis).
Skin involvement often consists of tumours of feather follicles or in
between follicles it is a reason for broiler condemnation in certain parts
of the world. A proper diagnosis to differentiate MD from LL requires
histological examination.
The paralysis is caused by lesions and enlargements of the affected nerves.
Virus isolation or PCR from buffy coat (fresh blood samples) and/or
affected organs can confirm the infection.Marek’s Disease
(MD, Neurolymphomatosis)
Cause
Marek’s disease is caused by a alphaherpesvirus.
Transmission
The disease is highly contagious. Main transmission is by infected
premises, where day-old chicks will become infected by the oral and
respiratory routes. Dander from feather follicles of MD-infected chickens
can remain infectious for more than a year. Young chicks are particularly
susceptible to horizontal transmission. Susceptibility decreases rapidly
after the first few days of age.
Species affected
Especially chickens, also quail, turkeys and pheasants are susceptible.
Clinical signs
Infected birds show weight loss, or may exhibit some form of paralysis.
The classical form: neurolymphomatosis (paralysis) with leg nerve
involvement causes a bird to lie on its side with one leg stretched forward
and the other backward. When the gizzard nerve is involved, the birds will
have a very small gizzard and intestines and will waste away.
Acute Marek’s disease is an epidemic in susceptible or unvaccinated flocks
causing depression paralysis, mortality and lymphomatous
infiltrations/tumours in multiple organs. Subclinical infections result
in impaired immune responses as MDV causes a lytic infection in
lymphocytes.
Mortality usually occurs between 10 and 20 weeks of age and can reach
up to 50% in unvaccinated flocks.
Diagnosis
The presence of tumours in liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs, ovary, muscles,
or other tissues is indicative of MD, but they can also be indicative of
lymphoid leucosis. However, nerve involvement, either grossly (swelling
of leg, wing or other nerves) or microscopically, is typical of MD.
Eye involvement can be visible as an irregular constriction of the iris
(ocular lymphomatosis).
Skin involvement often consists of tumours of feather follicles or in
between follicles it is a reason for broiler condemnation in certain parts
of the world. A proper diagnosis to differentiate MD from LL requires
histological examination.
The paralysis is caused by lesions and enlargements of the affected nerves.
Virus isolation or PCR from buffy coat (fresh blood samples) and/or
affected organs can confirm the infection.-
Insightful and timely
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The best method would be ideal to follow the manufacturers instructions
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<font style=”vertical-align: inherit;”><font style=”vertical-align: inherit;”>على حسب الحاله الصحيه للقطيع </font></font>
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Though IM is faster but I see no reason for IM injections when the chicken and still drink by themselfs
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Can IM be used for an oral drug?
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