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What are the main routes of transmission
What are main routes of ND transmission direct (bird-to-bird) and indirect (contaminated feed, equipment, humans)?What are the main routes of transmission — direct (bird-to-bird) and indirect (contaminated feed, equipment, humans)?
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3 Replies
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ND spreads both directly through contact with infected birds (droppings, secretions) & indirectly via contaminated feed, water, equipment, clothing & visitors.
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Direct contact
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both direct and indirect routes are equally important and major routes.
ducks , geese, parrots, wild birds, domestic/backyard poultry are important transmission sources and reservoirs
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