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Feed Quality Control
What is the ideal sampling protocol for feed ingredients?
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8 Replies
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For accurate feed ingredient analysis, an ideal sampling protocol involves collecting multiple, representative subsamples from different locations within a batch, combining them into a composite sample, and ensuring proper storage and labeling for analysis
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Avian Influenza (AI)
Cause
Avian Influenza is caused by an Orthomyxovirus; there are several
serotypes.
Currently we know there are 16 H- types and 9 N-types and they can
show up in all kinds of combinations. For poultry the most important
ones are H5, H7 and H9. Pathogenicity varies with the strains HPAI and
LPAI (high or low pathogenic AI).
Transmission
AI virus is excreted from nares, mouth, conjunctiva and cloaca.
Airborne virus particles from the respiratory tract, droppings, and
people carrying virus on their clothing and equipment are the main
routes of transmission. Migratory water fowl and other wild birds
infected with AI virus may be a source of infection.
Species affected
Avian Influenza viruses have been shown to naturally infect a wide
variety of wild and domestic birds. In poultry production main problems
are in chickens, turkeys and ducks.
Clinical signs
Clinical signs will vary, depending on the pathogenicity (HPAI and LPAI)
of AI virus involved and other factors as host species, sex, concurrent
infections, acquired immunity and environmental factors.
LPAI shows generally mild symptoms: respiratory coughing sneezing,
wet eyes, nasal discharge depression, lethargy limited reduction of feed
intake and limited drop in egg production; low mortality rate.
HPAI shows fast onset with increased mortality even before clinical
signs are seen, depression, drop in feed and water intake, severe drop
in egg production and mortality can vary between 50-90%.
Diagnosis
Clinical signs are indicative for AI; final confirmation by laboratory testing:
– Direct detection of AI proteins or Nucleic acids(RNA) using PCR.
– Virus isolation from infected organs, tracheal or cloacal swabs.
– Serology from blood samples after infection and for routine
monitoring showing specific AI antibodies.
Treatment
There is no treatment for Avian Influenza. Antibiotics will help to
control secondary bacterial infections.
Prevention and control
In many countries AI is a notifiable disease with specific local
regulations on its control.
In AI free areas the disease(LPAI and HPAI) is controlled by monitoring
and stamping out.
In case of LPAI infected areas countries can decide to allow vaccination
only for LPAI.
In case of endemic HPAI and/or LPAI vaccination might be allowed.
Vaccination is generally done with inactivated AI vaccines based on the
strain H-type causing the outbreaks.Avian Influenza (AI)
Cause
Avian Influenza is caused by an Orthomyxovirus; there are several
serotypes.
Currently we know there are 16 H- types and 9 N-types and they can
show up in all kinds of combinations. For poultry the most important
ones are H5, H7 and H9. Pathogenicity varies with the strains HPAI and
LPAI (high or low pathogenic AI).
Transmission
AI virus is excreted from nares, mouth, conjunctiva and cloaca.
Airborne virus particles from the respiratory tract, droppings, and
people carrying virus on their clothing and equipment are the main
routes of transmission. Migratory water fowl and other wild birds
infected with AI virus may be a source of infection.
Species affected
Avian Influenza viruses have been shown to naturally infect a wide
variety of wild and domestic birds. In poultry production main problems
are in chickens, turkeys and ducks.
Clinical signs
Clinical signs will vary, depending on the pathogenicity (HPAI and LPAI)
of AI virus involved and other factors as host species, sex, concurrent
infections, acquired immunity and environmental factors.
LPAI shows generally mild symptoms: respiratory coughing sneezing,
wet eyes, nasal discharge depression, lethargy limited reduction of feed
intake and limited drop in egg production; low mortality rate.
HPAI shows fast onset with increased mortality even before clinical
signs are seen, depression, drop in feed and water intake, severe drop
in egg production and mortality can vary between 50-90%.
Diagnosis
Clinical signs are indicative for AI; final confirmation by laboratory testing:
– Direct detection of AI proteins or Nucleic acids(RNA) using PCR.
– Virus isolation from infected organs, tracheal or cloacal swabs.
– Serology from blood samples after infection and for routine
monitoring showing specific AI antibodies.
Treatment
There is no treatment for Avian Influenza. Antibiotics will help to
control secondary bacterial infections.
Prevention and control
In many countries AI is a notifiable disease with specific local
regulations on its control.
In AI free areas the disease(LPAI and HPAI) is controlled by monitoring
and stamping out.
In case of LPAI infected areas countries can decide to allow vaccination
only for LPAI.
In case of endemic HPAI and/or LPAI vaccination might be allowed.
Vaccination is generally done with inactivated AI vaccines based on the
strain H-type causing the outbreaks. -
Please read following attached resources for better understanding.
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- Regular Sampling: Samples should be collected regularly, especially with every new batch of feed. …
Sampling when receiving: - Collecting small incremental samples from different areas helps obtain a more accurate representation of the entire feed batch.
- Regular Sampling: Samples should be collected regularly, especially with every new batch of feed. …
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Good answers, thank you
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Random sampling method
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1. Determine sampling method
2. Collect representative samples
3. Sample size and mixing
4. Label and store samples properly
5. Laboratory Analysis
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Sampling protocol for feed ingridents includes
1.Sampling objective
2.Sampling frequency & tools
3.Sample containers
4.labeling of sample
5.Storage
6.Transport
7.Record Keeping
8.Analysis
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