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Question?
What is IBD in poultry?
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45 Replies
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Infectious Bursal Disease
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Infectious bursal disease. 🕊️
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Infectious bursal disease
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good info.
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NICE INFO
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Target organ
Bursa of Fabricius, the organ where the virus causes lymphocytolisis
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Symptoms<div>Dehydration, trembling, ruffled feathers, vent pecking, depression, anorexia, lack of coordination, slimy diarrhea, soiled vent feathers, listlessness, hunched position, picking at own vent, sleeping with beak touching the floor</div>
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Infectious bursal disease (IBD), also known as gumboro, is a highly contagious viral disease that affects young chickens, turkeys, ducks, guinea fowl, and ostrichesInfectious and ostriches
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*Infectious Bursal Disease (Gumboro disease, IBD*<div>
</div><div>*Cause*</div><div>The disease is caused by a Birnavirus of serotype 1.</div><div>
</div><div> Virus strains can
</div><div>be divided in classical and variant strains. The virus is very stable and is
</div><div>difficult to eradicate from an infected farm.</div><div>*Transmission*</div><div>IBD virus is very infectious and spreads easily from bird to bird by way of droppings. Infected clothing and equipment are means of
</div><div>transmission between farms.</div><div>*Species affected*</div><div>Chickens and turkeys appear to be natural hosts.</div><div>*Clinical signs*</div><div>Clinical IBD occurs usually between 3 and 8 weeks of age depending
</div><div>on maternal antibody levels. </div><div>
</div><div>Affected birds are listless and depressed,
</div><div>pale, huddling producing watery white diarrhea.</div><div>
</div><div>Mortality varies.
</div><div>Usually new cases of IBD have a mortality rate of about 5 to10% but
</div><div>can be as high as 60% depending on the pathogenicity of the strain involved. </div><div>
</div><div>Highly pathogenic strains are called “very virulent” IBD (vvIBD)
</div><div>resulting in high mortality. </div><div>Subclinical IBD occurs with infections before 3 weeks of age. </div><div>
</div><div>Early IBD
</div><div>infection result in permanent immunosuppression without mortality. </div><div>Immunosuppression is economically important due to increased
</div><div>susceptibility to secondary infections especially in the respiratory tract. </div><div>Gumboro disease related diseases such as inclusion body hepatitis are
</div><div>also more frequent in these birds. </div><div>
</div><div>In broilers this form of the disease results in bad performance with lower weight gains and higher feed conversion ratios</div><div>
</div><div>*Diagnosis*</div><div>Typical clinical signs and post mortem lesions are found after IBD
</div><div>infection. </div><div>
</div><div>Post mortem lesions; in acute cases the bursa of Fabricius is enlarged and gelatinous, sometimes even bloody. </div><div>
</div><div>Muscle haemorrhages and pale kidneys can be seen.</div><div>
</div><div>Infection by variant
</div><div>strains is usually accompanied by a fast bursal atrophy (in 24-48 hours) without the typical signs of Gumboro disease.</div><div>
</div><div>Also in chronic cases the
</div><div>bursa is smaller than normal (atrophy). </div><div>
</div><div>The bursa destruction is
</div><div>apparent on histologic examination. The lack of white blood cells
</div><div>(lymphocytes) results in a reduction in the development of immunity
</div><div>and decreased resistance of the birds to other infections. </div><div>Histopathological examination, serology, virus isolation and PCR are confirming tools.</div><div>
</div><div> IBD can be confused with sulfonamide poisoning,
</div><div>aflatoxicosis, and pale bird syndrome (Vitamin E deficiency).
</div><div>
</div><div>*Treatment*</div><div>No treatment is available for IBD.</div><div>*Control*</div><div>Vaccination of breeders and young chicks is the best means of control. </div><div>The induction of a high maternal immunity in the progeny of
</div><div>vaccinated breeders, together with the vaccination of the offspring is
</div><div>the most effective approach to successful IBD control. </div><div>
</div><div>A variety of live
</div><div>and inactivated vaccines have been developed to enhance the control
</div><div>of classical, variant and vvIBD challenges.</div><div>Recently a new generation of recombinant vector vaccines based on
</div><div>HVT-vector carrying an insert of the VP2 part of the IBD-virus entered
</div><div>the market for the control of IBD.</div><div>
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